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There are many important factors to consider prior to making any kind of land or property purchase,and environmental pollution plays a big part. In the very worst case,environmental contamination can present hazards,to users and or residents of the site. This is one of the reasons environmental risk surveys are such an important part of due diligence for any land or property purchase.

Types of environmental contamination

There are many different types of environmental pollutants that can cause dangers to land users. In many cases these are associated with previous industrial use of land,although this is not always the case as natural pollutants do also exist.

There are many types of contaminants,these contaminants can include dust or gas pollutants which can be inhaled or contamination in soils which can be transmitted to foods grown on the land and any grazing animals. Such contamination could also impact anyone working on the land.

Indirect pollutants can also damage buildings or leach out of the soil due to effects of groundwater or any river,stream or pond in the vicinity. Some of these contaminants are corrosive or could even cause fires or explosions.

Examples of contaminants include:

– Lead or other heavy metals such as cadmium or arsenic
– Tar and oil
– Asbestos
– Radioactive materials
– Chemical substances and solvents
– Gas

You can discover more on the matter of contaminated land on the UK government website.

What isthe definition ofcontaminated land?

If you want more information on contaminated land or read technical guides on dealing with special sites on the website of the Environment Agency.

The legal definition of ‘contaminated land’ relates to land containing substances which can cause:

– Very significant damage to property,people or protected species
– Harm due to radioactivity
– Pollution to surface waters,such as lakes or rivers,or groundwater

Some of the reasons for land contamination are when it has been previously used as:

– Factories
– For mining
– Steel milling
– Refining
– Landfill sites

Contaminated land may also fall into a ‘special sites’ category. These sites could:

– Cause serious effects to any drinking water,or surface or groundwater
– Previously have been used for activities like oil refining or the manufacture of explosives
– Have previously been regulated under permits relating to integrated pollution controls or prevention
– Previously have been used for disposal of acid tars
– Have been occupied or owned by the MOD
– Previously been used in connection with the nuclear industry or be contaminated with radioactivity

What about brownfield sites?

It’s long been government policy to bring what’s termed brownfield land back into use in order to help preserve the greenfield sites and land within rural areas. This land regeneration often causes concerns,however. The majority of larger towns and cities contain areas and sites that are not in use and due to demand,development of these brownfield sites and derelict buildings is becoming increasingly common.

Very often minimal regulations were in place to check on the re-use of brownfield sites or any potential environmental hazards thus presented. Now however,things are very different,but it has to be said that the majority of brownfield site developments are perfectly safe for residential purposes. Selling homes in these neighbourhoods can present some conveyancing issues,though.

If you have any concerns about environmental contamination which could impact on your property purchase,give the experts at - a call to discuss your worries.

Nearly all states compel car owners to get some form of auto insurance. Most of the time,the minimum requirement covers only the liabilities incurred after an accident. It ensures that the owner will have the ability to pay for the damages he might cause to others through the insurance provider. However,this will not cover the damages that he might incur himself as a result of the collision. A few states are a step ahead by mandating no-fault coverage. What is no-fault auto insurance? In a nutshell,it is a policy that is activated after an accident regardless of the cause. It covers the policy holder’s own medical bills and property repairs,although a - might be necessary to get all the benefits due.

Faster Financial Aid

There are several benefits to having a no-fault system. Perhaps the best advantage is the ability to get financial aid faster. Victims will depend on their own insurance provider,after all. There is no need to find out what the other driver’s insurance details are. Sometimes arguments after a crash can get heated so getting the other person’s insurance information can be a challenge. There are also drivers who just hit and run away,leaving the victims helpless. If there is a policy that covers the victim’s needs,then they can move forward from the incident much quicker.

Protection from Uninsured Drivers

There are also cases where victims find out that the driver who hit them is uninsured or underinsured. It is not possible to depend on liability insurance. Suing the driver might not be fruitful if the person does not have the funds to cover injuries and property damage,even if you have a good -. With a no-fault policy,this will not be a problem.

Good for Complex Cases

There are a lot of cases wherein liability is difficult to determine. Both parties may indeed be liable in equal or different amounts. Launching an expensive and time consuming lawsuit just to determine fault is not appealing to most. A policy that covers the damages no matter who is to blame results in less stress for everyone.

When it is triggered,the process of director disqualification is handled by the Insolvency Service. Sometimes this occurs when an employee feels one of the directors of their company is unfit. The reasons behind this are many,but any director needs to understand what director disqualification is and how it works.

What Exactly Is Director Disqualification?

The director disqualification process is commenced when the director of a company is thought to be possibly unfit for his post. It must be remembered that anyone can report a company’s director’s conduct as being unfit,and it is at this time that the Insolvency Service will commence the investigation.

What Conduct is Thought to be Unfit

Unfit conduct covers a number of different behaviours that you need to understand.

These behaviours include letting the company to continue trading when it is unable to pay its debts,although it is important to know that ‘Insolvent trading’ may not be a reason to consider that a director is at fault. However,’Wrongful trading’ is a major offence and if a director is accused of this they would be wise to seek legal help. Other reasons are,not keeping correct books,not sending the books,not paying the taxes that the company owes and not providing returns to Companies House. Using company assets or money for personal benefit is another reason that can be seen as unfit conduct.

The Penalties

If the Insolvency Service’s investigation finds that the director is unfit,they could be disqualified for 15 years. In this time period,they will not be able act as a director of a company in the UK or for any a company that has a UK connection. They cannot get around this by sitting in the background either,as forming or marketing a company within this time is also not allowed. If they break these rules,the offence committed means that they could face a fine and a prison sentence of up to 2 years.

Just How Does Disqualification Work

When there is a complaint against a director or the company is involved in any insolvency actions,an investigation will be triggered by the Insolvency Service. At this time,if the Insolvency Service considers that the director has not met the legal responsibilities of the role of director,the director will be told about this by letter. This communication will include the areas where they feel the director has failed to meet the required standards. It will also say thatthey are going to start the disqualification process and how you can respond.

When a director receives this communication,they have 2 ways forward. One of these is to wait for the Insolvency Service to start court action. Here you will be able to disagree in court saying why you think the Insolvency Service is not correct in their assessment.

The second option is to provide the Insolvency Service with a disqualification undertaking. Here you agree to voluntary disqualification and you will not have to go to court. It is however recommended that you get legal help before you take this course.

There are Other Ways of Disqualification Being Triggered

There are other bodies that can apply for a director to be disqualified. However this is only allowed under certain circumstances. Such bodies include Companies House,the courts,a company insolvency practitioner and the Competition and Markets Authority. All of these groups follow a process similar to that of the Insolvency Service.

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